A — Mapping of empirical examples
Appendice A
Mapping of Empirical Examples
This appendix systematically lists the case studies (empirical examples) present in each chapter of this document. It allows verification of the document’s empirical coverage and identification of chapters requiring factual reinforcement.
Terminological convention: The term “Case study (empirical example)” refers to any actual precedent, historical experiment, or existing system cited to validate or illustrate a theoretical mechanism.
A.1 — Part I — Foundations
| No. | Chapter | Main Mechanism | Case Studies (Empirical Examples) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Diagnosis: Why Everything is Broken | Analysis of Systemic Dysfunctions | Introductory chapter — no case study required |
| 2 | Why This Libertarian Libertarianism? | Doctrinal Positioning | Theoretical chapter — no case study required |
| 3 | Overview | Architectural Synthesis | Synthesis chapter — no case study required |
| 4 | A Minimal State for a Pluralistic Society | Coexistence of Life Models | To be documented: examples of functional pluralistic societies (Switzerland, Netherlands) |
A.2 — Part II — Economy and Finance
| No. | Chapter | Main Mechanism | Case Studies (Empirical Examples) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | The State: Scope and Finance | Constitutional Fiscal Discipline | Swiss debt brake (Schuldenbremse, 2001-present) |
| 6 | Currency: The End of Monopoly | Currency Competition | #1: Ecuadorian dollarization (2000) — #2: Israeli stabilization plan (1985) |
| 7 | Protection Without the Welfare State | Mandatory Private Insurance | #1: Swiss LAMal (1996) — #2: Chilean AFPs (1981) — #3: Singapore CPF (1955) — #4: Dutch system (2006) |
| 8 | The Flat Tax | Single-Rate Taxation | #1: Baltic flat taxes (1994) — #2: Hong Kong (1947) — #3: Russian flat tax (2001-2020) |
| 9 | Compartmentalizing Risks | Separation of Financial Activities | The Glass-Steagall Act (1933-1999) |
A.3 — Part III — Autonomous Communities
| No. | Chapter | Main Mechanism | Case Studies (Empirical Examples) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | Autonomous Communities | Concept and General Principles | Examples developed in chapters 13-16 |
| 11 | Joining an Autonomous Community | Entry and Exit Mechanisms | Examples developed in chapters 13-16 |
| 12 | Ecosystem of Communities | Interactions Between Communities | Examples developed in chapters 13-16 |
| 13 | Case Study: Amish Communities | Self-Sufficient Religious Community | Entire chapter dedicated — Amish (17th century-present) |
| 14 | Case Study: Kibbutzim | Secular Collectivist Community | Entire chapter dedicated — Israeli Kibbutzim (1909-present) |
| 15 | Case Study: Emmaüs Communities | Social Reintegration Community | Entire chapter dedicated — Emmaüs (1949-present) |
| 16 | Case Study: Mondragon Cooperatives | Large-Scale Industrial Cooperative | Entire chapter dedicated — Mondragon (1956-present) |
A.4 — Part IV — Protection Without Community
| No. | Chapter | Main Mechanism | Case Studies (Empirical Examples) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17 | Protection Without Community: Chosen Delegation | Voluntary Decision Delegation | Examples developed in chapter 18 |
| 18 | Case Studies: Voluntary Delegation in Practice | Existing Delegation Mechanisms | #1: Daily Money Managers (United States) — #2: Representative Payee Program (United States) — #3: Representation Agreements (British Columbia) — #4: Save More Tomorrow (SMarT) |
A.5 — Part V — Electoral System
| No. | Chapter | Main Mechanism | Case Studies (Empirical Examples) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19 | Voting Differently: Real-Time Democracy | Permanent Recall of Elected Officials | California recall (1911-present) |
| 20 | Voting Procedures | Electronic Voting and Practical Procedures | Estonian e-voting (i-Voting, 2005-present) |
| 21 | When Parliament Cannot Vote on the Budget | Budget Blocking Mechanism | To be documented: US shutdowns, Belgian blockages |
| 22 | Taxation and Power: Who Pays Decides | Weighted Censitary Voting | Prussian Dreiklassenwahlrecht (1849-1918) |
| 23 | Two Chambers, Two Logics | Asymmetric Bicameralism | #1: British House of Lords (1911) — #2: American bicameralism (1789) — #3: Swiss Council of States (1848) — #4: German Bundesrat (1949) |
| 24 | Local Governance: Adapting Principles to Scale | Local-Scale Adaptation | To be documented: Swiss communes, Scandinavian municipalities |
A.6 — Part VI — Institutions
| No. | Chapter | Main Mechanism | Case Studies (Empirical Examples) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | Returning Justice to the People | Election of Judges | Judicial elections in the United States (1832-present) |
| 26 | The Constitutional Council: Guardian of the Framework | Quadripartite Composition of the Council | #1: Irish Citizens’ Assembly (2016) — #2: US constitutional amendments (1791) — #3: German eternity clauses (1949) |
| 27 | Truly Democratic Parties | Internal Party Democracy | German Parteiengesetz (1967-present) |
| 28 | The Head of State: Symbol and Conciliator | Facilitating Role of Head of State | Belgian government formation system (1831-present) |
A.7 — Part VII — Citizen Protection
| No. | Chapter | Main Mechanism | Case Studies (Empirical Examples) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29 | Who Enters, Who Stays, Who Votes | Points-Based Immigration | Canadian Express Entry system (1967/2015-present) |
| 30 | International Equity | Normative Equality at Borders | Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM, 2023-present) |
| 31 | International Treaties: Servants, Not Masters | Referendums on Treaties | Swiss referendums on treaties (1992-present) |
A.8 — Part VIII — Specific Issues
| No. | Chapter | Main Mechanism | Case Studies (Empirical Examples) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32 | The Administrative Millefeuille | Regulatory Guillotine | British and Canadian “One-In, Two-Out” (2011/2012-present) |
A.9 — Part IX — Transition
| No. | Chapter | Main Mechanism | Case Studies (Empirical Examples) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33 | Taking Action: The Transition | Transition Strategy | Milei’s experience in Argentina (2023-present) |
A.10 — Summary of Empirical Coverage
| Part | Chapters | With Case Studies | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| I. Foundations | 4 | 1 | 25% |
| II. Economy and Finance | 5 | 5 | 100% |
| III. Autonomous Communities | 7 | 5 | 71% |
| IV. Delegation | 2 | 1 | 50% |
| V. Electoral System | 6 | 4 | 67% |
| VI. Institutions | 4 | 4 | 100% |
| VII. Citizen Protection | 3 | 3 | 100% |
| VIII. Specific Issues | 1 | 1 | 100% |
| IX. Transition | 1 | 1 | 100% |
| Total | 33 | 25 | 76% |
A.11 — Chapters Without Empirical Examples
| Chapter | Reason | Research Leads |
|---|---|---|
| 1. The Diagnosis | Analysis chapter | — |
| 2-3. Foundations | Theoretical positioning | — |
| 4. Minimal State Pluralistic Society | Switzerland, Netherlands | |
| 10-11. AC Definition | Structural | Examples in ch. 12-16 |
| 17. Chosen Delegation | Theoretical framework | Examples in ch. 18 |
| 21. Budget Blocking | Innovative mechanism | US shutdowns; Belgium 2010-2011 |
| 24. Local Governance | Optional architectures | Swiss communes; Landsgemeinde, Scandinavian municipalities |
A.12 — Innovations Without Direct Precedent
| Innovation | Combined Elements |
|---|---|
| Continuous permanent recall | California recall + Estonian i-Voting |
| Self-regulated 1-100 censitary voting | Dreiklassenwahlrecht + feedback |
| Asymmetry in tax increases/decreases | Swiss brake + asymmetric bicameralism |
| Abolition of all indirect taxes | Hong Kong (no VAT) + Baltic flat tax |
| Universal Autonomous Communities | Kibbutz + Emmaüs + Mondragon |
These innovations rest on proven building blocks assembled in an original way.
A.13 — Conclusion
Of the 33 chapters in this document:
- 25 contain at least one case study (76%)
- 8 are programmatic or innovative
- Over 50 case studies distributed throughout the document
Libertarian Libertarianism assembles what already works into a coherent system. Total chapters: 33
This appendix is a mapping and inventory tool. The developed case studies are found in the corresponding chapters.